<project>
    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <!-- 本地开发环境 -->
            <id>development</id>
            <properties>
                <name>zhang san</name>
            </properties>

            <!-- 默认使用 -->
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <!-- 测试环境 -->
            <id>test</id>
            <properties>
                <name>li si</name>
            </properties>
        </profile>
    </profiles>

    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <!-- 编译哪些资源文件到jar包中 -->
                <includes>
                    <include>*.properties</include>
                </includes>
                <!-- 排除哪些资源文件到jar包中 -->
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>*.xml</exclude>
                </excludes>
                <!-- 对资源文件中的 ${} 变量是否替换成值 -->
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
</project>

a=1
b=${name}   # 根据maven不同的参数替换不同的值

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        Properties pps = new Properties();
        pps.load(App1.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.properties"));
        for(Object key:pps.keySet())
            System.out.println(pps.getProperty(key+""));
    }

maven clean package -P development  #  ${name}替换成 zhang san
maven clean package -P test  #  ${name}替换成 li si